| Production completion and packing | Defines specifications and acceptance requirements | Primary — manufactures, packs, and prepares cargo | Coordinates readiness follow-up and document flow | Advises on booking requirements where engaged | Not typically involved at this stage | Not involved until arrival planning | Not involved until pickup or main carriage |
| Commercial invoice and packing list | Provides content requirements and approval | Prepares initial commercial and packing documents | Coordinates collection, review, and alignment | Reviews for booking and shipping instructions | May review for customs valuation and entry | Uses packing list for receiving preparation | May require shipment references from documents |
| Freight booking and main carriage | Appoints forwarder and approves booking per Incoterms | Supports pickup timing and cargo availability | Coordinates factory-forwarder communication | Primary — booking, routing, and main carriage arrangement | May advise on entry timing or document needs | Plans receiving based on ETA information | Primary — performs transport under forwarder or buyer arrangement |
| Export clearance at origin | Responsible depending on agreed Incoterms | Supports export documentation and cargo release | Coordinates document handoff and timing follow-up | Often coordinates export clearance where engaged | Generally not responsible at origin | Not involved | Moves cargo after export release |
| Cargo insurance | Typically arranges coverage according to Incoterms and policy | Not responsible unless expressly agreed | May coordinate information for insurance placement | May offer insurance options where appointed | Not responsible for insurance placement | Not responsible | Limited liability applies unless additional coverage arranged |
| Customs clearance in Canada | Importer of record responsibilities apply | Provides supporting product and origin information | Coordinates information flow to the broker | May support document transmission to broker | Primary — entry filing, duties, and clearance advice | Receives after release unless bonded handling applies | Delivers to port, airport, or inland point before release |
| Warehouse receiving and storage | Appoints warehouse and receiving rules | Not involved after ex-factory handoff | Coordinates receiving instructions and status updates | May arrange inland delivery to warehouse | Not typically involved in warehouse operations | Primary — receiving, storage, and inventory handling | Final-mile or linehaul delivery to warehouse where arranged |
| Final delivery to consignee | Defines consignee, appointments, and delivery requirements | Not involved | Coordinates status updates and exception escalation | May manage destination delivery services | Not involved unless delivery affects clearance timing | May stage or cross-dock before final delivery | Primary — performs final delivery where appointed |
| Exception management (delay, damage, short ship) | Makes commercial decisions on claims and next steps | Responds to origin-related document or packing issues | Coordinates communication and exception logging | Manages carrier-side booking and transit issues | Advises on entry implications of document changes | Reports receiving discrepancies | Handles transit damage or delivery exceptions per contract |